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Mount Baker (Lummi: ''Qwú’mə Kwəlshéːn''; Nooksack: ''Kw’eq Smaenit'' or ''Kwelshán''), also known as Koma Kulshan or simply Kulshan, is an active glaciated andesitic stratovolcano 〔 in the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the North Cascades of Washington in the United States. Mount Baker has the second-most thermally active crater in the Cascade Range after Mount Saint Helens. About due east of the city of Bellingham, Whatcom County, Mount Baker is the youngest volcano in the Mount Baker volcanic field.〔 While volcanism has persisted here for some 1.5 million years, the current glaciated cone is likely no more than 140,000 years old, and possibly no older than 80-90,000 years. Older volcanic edifices have mostly eroded away due to glaciation. After Mount Rainier, Mount Baker is the most heavily glaciated of the Cascade Range volcanoes; the volume of snow and ice on Mount Baker, is greater than that of all the other Cascades volcanoes (except Rainier) combined. It is also one of the snowiest places in the world; in 1999, Mount Baker Ski Area, located to the northeast, set the world record for recorded snowfall in a single season—. At , it is the third-highest mountain in Washington State and the fifth-highest in the Cascade Range, if Little Tahoma Peak, a subpeak of Mount Rainier, and Shastina, a subpeak of Mount Shasta, are not counted.〔 Located in the Mount Baker Wilderness, it is visible from much of Greater Victoria, Greater Vancouver, and, to the south, from Seattle (and on clear days Tacoma) in Washington. Indigenous natives have known the mountain for thousands of years, but the first written record of the mountain is from the Spanish. Spanish explorer Gonzalo Lopez de Haro mapped it in 1790 as the ''Gran Montaña del Carmelo'', "Great Mount Carmel".〔 The explorer George Vancouver renamed the mountain for 3rd Lieutenant Joseph Baker of HMS ''Discovery'', who saw it on April 30, 1792. ==History== Mount Baker was well-known to indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest. Indigenous names for the mountain include Koma Kulshan or Kulshan (Lummi, ''qwú’mə'', "white sentinel", ''i.e.'' "mountain", and ''kwəlshé:n'', "puncture wound", ''i.e.'' "crater");〔 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Whatcom Watch )〕 Quck Sam-ik (Nooksack: ''kw’eq sámit'', "white mountain"); Kobah (Skagit: ''qwúbə’'', "white sentinel", i.e. "mountain"); and Tukullum or Nahcullum (in the language of the unidentified "Koma tribe"). By one interpretation, Mount Rainier, called "Tacoma", effectively means "larger than Koma (Kulshan)" - however, most scholars agree that Tacoma actually means "Mother of all waters". In 1790, Manuel Quimper of the Spanish Navy set sail from Nootka, a temporary settlement on Vancouver Island, with orders to explore the newly discovered Strait of Juan de Fuca. Accompanying Quimper was first-pilot Gonzalo Lopez de Haro, who drew detailed charts during the six-week expedition. Although Quimper's journal of the voyage does not refer to the mountain, one of Haro's manuscript charts includes a sketch of Mount Baker.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Map of the "Northwest Coast of North America -- Strait of Juan de Fuca" which includes Mount Baker and the Cascade Range )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Early Impressions: Euro-American Explorations And Surveys )〕 The Spanish named the snowy volcano "La Gran Montana del Carmelo", as it reminded them of the white-clad monks of the Carmelite Monastery.〔Majors, H.M., ed., 1978, ''Mount Baker: A Chronicle of Its Historic Eruptions and First Ascent''. Northwest Press, Seattle〕 The British explorer George Vancouver left England a year later. His mission was to survey the northwest coast of America. Vancouver and his crew reached the Pacific Northwest coast in 1792. While anchored in Dungeness Bay on the south shore of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, third lieutenant Joseph Baker made an observation of Mount Baker, which Vancouver recorded in his journal: Six years later, the official narrative of this voyage was published, including the first printed reference to the mountain.〔 By the mid-1850s, Mount Baker was a well-known feature on the horizon to the explorers and fur traders who traveled in the Puget Sound region. Isaac I. Stevens, the first governor of Washington Territory, wrote about Mount Baker in 1853: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mount Baker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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